What does a “type rating” allow a pilot to do?

A "type rating" specifically allows a pilot to operate a particular make and model of an aircraft, which falls under the category of more advanced and complex aircraft that require additional training beyond the standard pilot certification. This type of rating ensures that a pilot has the knowledge and skills required to handle specific operational characteristics and systems unique to that aircraft type.

For example, commercial jetliners or large transport aircraft often have various systems and procedures that differ significantly from smaller general aviation aircraft. Therefore, obtaining a type rating means the pilot has undergone the necessary training and evaluation to ensure proficiency in handling that specific aircraft.

The other options don’t accurately reflect the nature of a type rating. Operating any aircraft without restrictions is not permitted as different aircraft types require varying levels of training and certification. Flying at higher altitudes is determined by the pilot’s certification level and the aircraft’s capabilities, not specifically by a type rating. Performing aerial maneuvers beyond standard limits could imply activities that are not governed by the type rating but rather by pilot certification and specific operational approvals, which can be outside the typical scope of a type rating.