What is the purpose of a “cleared for approach” instruction?

The purpose of a “cleared for approach” instruction is to authorize the pilot to enter the approach phase for landing at the assigned airport. This instruction signifies that air traffic control has determined that the aircraft is appropriately sequenced and that it can begin its descent and procedures for landing. It is a critical step in the approach and landing process, ensuring that the pilot can safely transition from enroute flight to landing, while adhering to any required altitude, speed, and course adjustments.

In this context, the phrase conveys the necessary clearance for the pilot to proceed with the planned approach, which may include following specific lateral or vertical paths indicated by the approach procedure. This instruction provides the pilot the required authorization to navigate the aircraft toward the runway safely and align with the air traffic management system's overall traffic flow.